>> >> Finland

City List


Search for your next freelancer or independent contractor by city from Finland country. Upfreelance.com searches the Internet for software developers, Internet developers, website designers, marketing consultants and sales and marketing that are available to work on your project.
Cities
Finland
Introduction ::Finland
Background:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system - currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy.
Back to Top
Geography ::Finland
Location:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Geographic coordinates:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
64 00 N, 26 00 E
Map references:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Europe
Area:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 338,145 sq km
country comparison to the world: 65
land: 303,815 sq km
water: 34,330 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
slightly smaller than Montana
Land boundaries:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 2,654 km
border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,313 km
Coastline:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,250 km
Maritime claims:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Terrain:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Elevation extremes:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m
Natural resources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Land use:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 6.65%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 93.34% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
685.8 sq km (2010)
Total renewable water resources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
110 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 1.634 cu km/yr (25%/72%/3%)
per capita: 308.9 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
Environment - current issues:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Back to Top
People and Society ::Finland
Nationality:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Finn(s)
adjective: Finnish
Ethnic groups:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006)
Languages:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Finnish (official) 91.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) 3.3% (2007)
Religions:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006)
Population:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5,266,114 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
Age structure:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 15.8% (male 424,571/female 410,042)
15-24 years: 12.3% (male 329,625/female 316,585)
25-54 years: 38.3% (male 1,026,525/female 988,772)
55-64 years: 14.4% (male 374,685/female 385,933)
65 years and over: 19.2% (male 421,854/female 587,522) (2013 est.)
population pyramid:
Median age:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 42.7 years
male: 41 years
female: 44.5 years (2012 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.065% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
Birth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
10.36 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
Death rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
10.33 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Net migration rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Urbanization:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 85% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major cities - population:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
HELSINKI (capital) 1.107 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 177
Infant mortality rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 212
male: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 79.41 years
country comparison to the world: 40
male: 75.94 years
female: 83.02 years (2012 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
Health expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 43
Physicians density:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.735 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)
Sanitation facility access:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2,600 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15.7% (2008)
country comparison to the world: 33
Education expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.8% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 24
Literacy:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2000 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 18 years (2008)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 20.3%
country comparison to the world: 58
male: 21.6%
female: 18.9% (2010)
Back to Top
Government ::Finland
Country name:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: Republic of Finland
conventional short form: Finland
local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland
local short form: Suomi/Finland
Government type:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
republic
Capital:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: Helsinki
geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland]
Independence:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6 December 1917 (from Russia)
National holiday:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
Constitution:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1 March 2000
Legal system:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
civil law system based on the Swedish model; note - the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws
International law organization participation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)
head of government: Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 22 June 2011)
cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); the parliament elects a prime minister who is then appointed to office by the president
election results: percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 36.96%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 18.76%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (Kesk) 17.53%, Timo SOINI (TF) 9.4%, Paavo LIPPONEN (SDP) 6.7%, Paavo ARHINMÄKI (Vas) 5.48%, Eva BIAUDET (SFP) 2.7%, Sari ESSAYAH (KD) 2.47%; a runoff election between NIINISTO and HAAVISTO was held 5 February 2012 - NIINISTO 62.59%, HAAVISTO 37.41%; Jyrki KATAINEN elected prime minister; election results 118-72
note: government coalition - Kok, SDP, Vihr, SFP, Vas, and KD (2013)
Legislative branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 17 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - Kok 20.4%, SDP 19.1%, TF 19%, Kesk 15.8%, Vas 8.1%, Vihr 7.2%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4%, other 2%; seats by party - Kok 44, SDP 42, TF 39, Kesk 35, Vas 14, Vihr 10, SFP 9, KD 6, other 1 (the constituency of Aland) (2012)
Judicial branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general courts - deal with criminal and civil cases (include district courts, Courts of Appeal, and the Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus, whose judges are appointed by the president); administrative courts
Political parties and leaders:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Center Party (Suomen Keskusta) or Kesk [Juha SIPILA]; Christian Democrats (Kristillisdemokraatit) or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League (Vihrea litto) or Vihr [Ville NIINISTO]; Left Alliance (Vasemmistolitto) or Vas [Paavo ARHINMAKI]; National Coalition Party (Kansallinen Kokoomus) or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party (Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen) or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN]; Swedish People's Party (Svenska Folkpartiet) or SFP [Carl HAGLUND]; The Finns Party (Perussuomalaiset) or TF [Timo SOINI]
International organization participation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Ritva KOUKKU-RONDE
chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800
FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Bruce J. ORECK
embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki
mailing address: APO AE 09723
telephone: [358] (9) 616250
FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800
Flag description:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter
National symbol(s):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lion
National anthem:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: "Maamme" (Our Land)
lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS
note: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland
Back to Top
Economy ::Finland
Economy - overview:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output almost as high as that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Trade is important with exports accounting for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports, domestic trade, and household consumption stimulated economic growth in 2010-11. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio, turning previously strong budget surpluses into deficits, but Finland has taken action to ensure it will meet EU deficit targets by 2013 and retains its triple-A credit rating. Finland's main challenge in 2013 will be to stimulate growth in the face of weak demand in EU export markets and government austerity measures meant to reduce its budget deficit. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$198.1 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$197.5 billion (2011 est.)
$192.2 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$247.2 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
2.7% (2011 est.)
3.3% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$36,500 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
$36,600 (2011 est.)
$35,800 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 3.3%
industry: 27.1%
services: 69.6% (2012 est.)
Labor force:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.679 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Labor force - by occupation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture and forestry: 4.4%
industry: 15.5%
construction: 7.1%
commerce: 21.3%
finance, insurance, and business services: 13.3%
transport and communications: 9.9%
public services: 28.5% (2011)
Unemployment rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
7.8% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 24.7% (2007)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
26.8 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 127
25.6 (1991)
Investment (gross fixed):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
Budget:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $129.4 billion
expenditures: $134 billion
note: Central Government Budget (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
52.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-1.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
Public debt:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
53.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
49.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
3.3% (2011 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.5% (31 December 2012)
country comparison to the world: 115
1.75% (31 December 2010)
note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.9% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
2.68% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$117 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
$115.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Stock of broad money:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$183.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$176.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$257.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
$248.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$143.1 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 40
$118.2 billion (31 December 2010)
$91.02 billion (31 December 2009)
Agriculture - products:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
Industries:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Industrial production growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.5% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
Current account balance:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-$3.6 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
-$1.86 billion (2011 est.)
Exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$72.7 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
$78.83 billion (2011 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber
Exports - partners:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Sweden 11.8%, Germany 10%, Russia 9.2%, Netherlands 6.8%, UK 5.2%, US 4.9%, China 4.7% (2011)
Imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$72.23 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
$80.34 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains
Imports - partners:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Russia 17.6%, Sweden 13.6%, Germany 13.6%, Netherlands 7.6%, China 4.2% (2011)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$9.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
$10.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Debt - external:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$577 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 22
$370.8 billion (30 June 2010)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$84.32 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$82.96 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$148.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
$138.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Exchange rates:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7838 (2012 est.)
0.7185 (2011 est.)
0.755 (2010 est.)
0.7198 (2009 est.)
0.6827 (2008 est.)
Fiscal year:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
calendar year
Back to Top
Energy ::Finland
Electricity - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
76.16 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Electricity - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
77.66 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Electricity - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.218 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Electricity - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15.72 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16.32 million kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
52.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
19.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
12% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
Crude oil - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Crude oil - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
Crude oil - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
215,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
301,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
204,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
133,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
103,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Natural gas - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Natural gas - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.101 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Natural gas - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
Natural gas - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.101 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
54.4 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
Back to Top
Communications ::Finland
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.08 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 73
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8.94 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 82
Telephone system:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: modern system with excellent service
domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive mobile-cellular network provide domestic needs
international: country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; the 2 publicly owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)
Internet country code:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.fi; note - Aland Islands assigned .ax
Internet hosts:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.763 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 22
Internet users:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.393 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 55
Back to Top
Transportation ::Finland
Airports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
148 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 38
Airports - with paved runways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 75
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 26
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 21
under 914 m: 15 (2012)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 73
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 70 (2012)
Pipelines:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
gas 694 km (2010)
Railways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 5,919 km
country comparison to the world: 31
broad gauge: 5,919 km 1.524-m gauge (3,067 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 78,141 km
country comparison to the world: 59
paved: 50,914 km (includes 739 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,227 km (2009)
Waterways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7,842 km (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 18
Merchant marine:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 97
country comparison to the world: 51
by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 25, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 16, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 31, vehicle carrier 3
foreign-owned: 5 (Cyprus 1, Estonia 2, Iceland 1, Sweden 1)
registered in other countries: 47 (Bahamas 8, Germany 3, Gibraltar 2, Malta 3, Netherlands 13, Panama 2, Sweden 16) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma
Back to Top
Military ::Finland
Military branches:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army, Navy (includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) (2007)
Military service age and obligation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; military obligation to age 60 (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 1,155,368
females age 16-49: 1,106,193 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 955,151
females age 16-49: 912,983 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 32,599
female: 31,416 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Finland
Disputes - international:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
Back to Top