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Honduras
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Introduction ::Honduras
Background:
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Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage. Since then, the economy has slowly rebounded.
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Geography ::Honduras
Location:
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Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Geographic coordinates:
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15 00 N, 86 30 W
Map references:
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Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
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total: 112,090 sq km
country comparison to the world: 103
land: 111,890 sq km
water: 200 sq km
Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Tennessee
Land boundaries:
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total: 1,520 km
border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
Coastline:
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Caribbean Sea 669 km; Gulf of Fonseca 163 km
Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm
Climate:
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subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Terrain:
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mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
Natural resources:
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timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
Land use:
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arable land: 9.07%
permanent crops: 3.91%
other: 87.02% (2011)
Irrigated land:
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878.5 sq km (2007)
Total renewable water resources:
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95.93 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 2.116 cu km/yr (16%/23%/61%)
per capita: 295.6 cu m/yr (2006)
Natural hazards:
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frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast
Environment - current issues:
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urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals
Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
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has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast
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People and Society ::Honduras
Nationality:
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noun: Honduran(s)
adjective: Honduran
Ethnic groups:
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mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%
Languages:
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Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects
Religions:
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Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%
Demographic profile:
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Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America and has the world's highest murder rate. More than half of the population lives in poverty and per capita income is one of the lowest in the region. Poverty rates are higher among rural and indigenous people and in the south, west, and along the eastern border than in the north and central areas where most of Honduras' industries and infrastructure are concentrated. The increased productivity needed to break Honduras' persistent high poverty rate depends, in part, on further improvements in educational attainment. Although primary-school enrollment is near 100%, educational quality is poor, the drop-out rate and grade repetition remain high, and teacher and school accountability is low.
Honduras' population growth rate has slowed since the 1990s, but it remains high at nearly 2% annually because the birth rate averages approximately three children per woman and more among rural, indigenous, and poor women. Consequently, Honduras' young adult population - ages 15 to 29 - is projected to continue growing rapidly for the next three decades and then stabilize or slowly shrink. Population growth and limited job prospects outside of agriculture will continue to drive emigration. Remittances represent about a fifth of GDP.
Population:
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8,448,465 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Age structure:
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0-14 years: 35.5% (male 1,530,385/female 1,466,136)
15-24 years: 21.2% (male 913,818/female 878,340)
25-54 years: 34.8% (male 1,482,548/female 1,459,341)
55-64 years: 4.6% (male 178,514/female 208,243)
65 years and over: 3.9% (male 145,626/female 185,514) (2013 est.)
population pyramid:
Median age:
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total: 21.3 years
male: 21 years
female: 21.7 years (2012 est.)
Population growth rate:
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1.838% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
Birth rate:
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24.66 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
Death rate:
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5.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Net migration rate:
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-1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
Urbanization:
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urban population: 52% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major cities - population:
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TEGUCIGALPA (capital) 1 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
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100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 72
Infant mortality rate:
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total: 19.85 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 96
male: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 70.71 years
country comparison to the world: 146
male: 69.03 years
female: 72.47 years (2012 est.)
Total fertility rate:
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2.94 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
Health expenditures:
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6.8% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 88
Physicians density:
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0.57 physicians/1,000 population (2000)
Hospital bed density:
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0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source:
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improved:
urban: 95% of population
rural: 79% of population
total: 87% of population
unimproved:
urban: 5% of population
rural: 21% of population
total: 13% of population (2010 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
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improved:
urban: 85% of population
rural: 69% of population
total: 77% of population
unimproved:
urban: 15% of population
rural: 31% of population
total: 23% of population (2010 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.8% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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39,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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2,500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Major infectious diseases:
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degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
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8.6% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 71
Education expenditures:
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NA
Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 80%
male: 79.8%
female: 80.2% (2001 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
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total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2008)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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total: 7%
country comparison to the world: 124
male: 5.2%
female: 11.2% (2005)
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Government ::Honduras
Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Honduras
conventional short form: Honduras
local long form: Republica de Honduras
local short form: Honduras
Government type:
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democratic constitutional republic
Capital:
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name: Tegucigalpa
geographic coordinates: 14 06 N, 87 13 W
time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: none scheduled for 2012
Administrative divisions:
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18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro
Independence:
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15 September 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday:
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Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Constitution:
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11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many times
Legal system:
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civil law system
International law organization participation:
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accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)
election results: Porfirio "Pepe" LOBO Sosa elected president; percent of vote - Porfirio "Pepe" LOBO Sosa 56.3%, Elvin SANTOS Lozano 38.1%, other 5.6%
Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members elected proportionally by department to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNH 71, PL 45, DC 5, UD 4, PINU 3
Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15 judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Political parties and leaders:
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Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Salvador NASRALLA]; Christian Democratic Party or DC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez]; Broad Political Electoral Front in Resistance or FAPER [Andres PAVON]; Democratic Unification Party or UD [Cesar HAM]; Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]; Liberal Party or PL [Elvin SANTOS Brito]; National Party or PN [Ricardo ALVAREZ]; Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH; United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan (MUCA)
International organization participation:
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BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (suspended), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO (suspended), WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Jorge Ramon HERNANDEZ Alcerro
chancery: Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 966-2604
FAX: [1] (202) 966-9751
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Belmont (MA), Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa J. KUBISKE
embassy: Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa
mailing address: American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa
telephone: [504] 2236-9320, 2238-5114
FAX: [504] 2236-9037
Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue, with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water and the peace and prosperity of its people
note: similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band
National symbol(s):
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scarlet macaw; white-tailed deer
National anthem:
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name: "Himno Nacional de Honduras" (National Anthem of Honduras)
lyrics/music: Augusto Constancio COELLO/Carlos HARTLING
note: adopted 1915; the anthem's seven verses chronicle Honduran history; on official occasions, only the chorus and last verse are sung
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Economy ::Honduras
Economy - overview:
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Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing. Nearly half of Honduras's economic activity is directly tied to the US, with exports to the US accounting for 30% of GDP and remittances for another 20%. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 70% of FDI is from US firms. The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.0%-4.0% from 2010 to 2012, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. An 18-month IMF Standby Arrangement expired in March 2012 and was not renewed, due to the country's growing budget deficit and weak current account performance. Public sector workers complained of not receiving their salaries in November and December 2012, and government suppliers are owed at least several hundred million dollars in unpaid contracts. The government announced in January 2013 that loss-making public enterprises will be forced to submit financial rescue plans before receiving their budget allotments for 2013.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$37.67 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
$36.28 billion (2011 est.)
$35.01 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
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$18.18 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
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3.8% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
3.6% (2011 est.)
2.8% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$4,600 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
$4,500 (2011 est.)
$4,400 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 12.8%
industry: 26.7%
services: 60.5% (2012 est.)
Labor force:
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3.44 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 39.2%
industry: 20.9%
services: 39.8% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate:
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4.5% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
4.9% (2011 est.)
note: about one-third of the people are underemployed
Population below poverty line:
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60% (2010 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 0.4%
highest 10%: 42.4% (2009 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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57.7 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 9
53.8 (2003)
Investment (gross fixed):
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26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Budget:
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revenues: $3.339 billion
expenditures: $4.044 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
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18.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
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-3.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Public debt:
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34.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
32.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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5.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
6.8% (2011 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
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6.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
NA% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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17.8% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
18.56% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
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$2.476 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
$2.182 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of broad money:
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$9.112 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
$8.127 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
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$9.403 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
$8.383 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$NA
Agriculture - products:
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bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, African palm; beef; timber; shrimp, tilapia, lobster
Industries:
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sugar, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars
Industrial production growth rate:
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2.4% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Current account balance:
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-$1.661 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
-$1.503 billion (2011 est.)
Exports:
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$6.946 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
$7.204 billion (2011 est.)
Exports - commodities:
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apparel, coffee, shrimp, automobile wire harnesses, cigars, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, lumber
Exports - partners:
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US 33.1%, Germany 10.9%, El Salvador 7.3%, Belgium 6.5%, Guatemala 6.2% (2011)
Imports:
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$10.66 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
$10.34 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
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US 46%, Guatemala 8.8%, Mexico 5.7%, El Salvador 5.4%, China 4.1%, Costa Rica 4% (2011)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$3.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
$2.785 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Debt - external:
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$4.884 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
$4.564 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Exchange rates:
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lempiras (HNL) per US dollar -
19.51 (2012 est.)
18.895 (2011 est.)
18.9 (2010 est.)
18.9 (2009)
18.983 (2008)
Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Energy ::Honduras
Electricity - production:
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6.326 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Electricity - consumption:
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4.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
Electricity - exports:
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46 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Electricity - imports:
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100,000 kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
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1.697 million kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
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63.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
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30.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
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5.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
Crude oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
Crude oil - exports:
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
Crude oil - imports:
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Crude oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
Refined petroleum products - production:
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
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58,150 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Refined petroleum products - exports:
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8,419 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Refined petroleum products - imports:
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54,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 206
Natural gas - proved reserves:
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0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
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8.288 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
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Communications ::Honduras
Telephones - main lines in use:
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609,200 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 91
Telephones - mobile cellular:
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8.062 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 88
Telephone system:
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general assessment: fixed-line connections are increasing but still limited; competition among multiple providers of mobile-cellular services is contributing to a sharp increase in subscribership
domestic: beginning in 2003, private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed-lines in order to expand telephone coverage contributing to a small increase in fixed-line teledensity; mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 100 per 100 persons
international: country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2011)
Broadcast media:
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multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately owned radio stations (2007)
Internet country code:
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.hn
Internet hosts:
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30,955 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 107
Internet users:
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731,700 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 108
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Transportation ::Honduras
Airports:
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104 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 53
Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (2012)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 91
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 17
under 914 m: 73 (2012)
Railways:
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total: 75 km
country comparison to the world: 128
narrow gauge: 75 km 1.067-m gauge (2009)
Roadways:
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total: 14,239 km
country comparison to the world: 123
paved: 3,159 km
unpaved: 11,080 km (1,420 km summer only) (2009)
Waterways:
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465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2012)
country comparison to the world: 85
Merchant marine:
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total: 88
country comparison to the world: 55
by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 39, carrier 2, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 3
foreign-owned: 47 (Bahrain 5, Canada 1, Chile 1, China 2, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Israel 1, Japan 4, Lebanon 2, Montenegro 1, Panama 1, Singapore 11, South Korea 6, Taiwan 1, Thailand 2, UAE 1, UK 1, US 1) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
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La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela
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Military ::Honduras
Military branches:
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Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH) (2012)
Military service age and obligation:
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18 years of age for voluntary 2 to 3 year military service (2004)
Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49: 2,045,914
females age 16-49: 1,991,418 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49: 1,525,578
females age 16-49: 1,539,688 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
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male: 95,895
female: 92,087 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
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1.5% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 95
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Transnational Issues ::Honduras
Disputes - international:
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International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum
Illicit drugs:
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transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity
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