>> >> Monaco

City List

Search for your next freelancer or independent contractor by city from Monaco country. Upfreelance.com searches the Internet for software developers, Internet developers, website designers, marketing consultants and sales and marketing that are available to work on your project.
Monaco
(CONTAIN DESCRIPTION)
CLICK MAP TO ENLARGE
Introduction ::Macau
Background:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on 20 December 1999. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's political and economic system would not be imposed on Macau, and that Macau would enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign affairs and defense for the next 50 years.
Back to Top
Geography ::Macau
Location:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Geographic coordinates:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
22 10 N, 113 33 E
Map references:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Southeast Asia
Area:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 28.2 sq km
country comparison to the world: 237
land: 28.2 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 0.34 km
regional border: China 0.34 km
Coastline:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
41 km
Maritime claims:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
not specified
Climate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Terrain:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
generally flat
Elevation extremes:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172 m
Natural resources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NEGL
Land use:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA; note - included in the total for China
Natural hazards:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
typhoons
Environment - current issues:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
Environment - international agreements:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)
Geography - note:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges
Back to Top
People and Society ::Macau
Nationality:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese
Ethnic groups:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Chinese 92.4%, other 7.6% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2011 census)
Languages:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Cantonese 83.3%, Mandarin 5%, Hokkien 3.7%, other Chinese dialects 2%, English 2.3%, Tagalog 1.7%, Portuguese 0.7%, other 1.3%
note: Chinese and Portuguese are the official language (2011 census)
Religions:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none or other 35% (1997 est.)
Population:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
583,003 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Age structure:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 14.5% (male 44,454/female 40,089)
15-24 years: 14.5% (male 43,670/female 41,018)
25-54 years: 51% (male 133,043/female 164,369)
55-64 years: 11.1% (male 32,782/female 32,185)
65 years and over: 8.8% (male 24,091/female 27,302) (2013 est.)
population pyramid:
Median age:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 36.7 years
male: 37.3 years
female: 36.3 years (2012 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.866% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
Birth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.05 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209
Death rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.85 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 208
Net migration rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Urbanization:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 100% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Sex ratio:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 3.17 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 217
male: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 84.43 years
country comparison to the world: 2
male: 81.47 years
female: 87.54 years (2012 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.93 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 223
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
Education expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.6% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 156
Literacy:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.3%
male: 95.3%
female: 87.8% (2001 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 14 years
male: 15 years
female: 14 years (2009)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 7.5%
country comparison to the world: 121
male: 9.8%
female: 5.4% (2009)
Back to Top
Government ::Macau
Country name:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau
official long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)
official short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Dependency status:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Government type:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
limited democracy
Administrative divisions:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)
Independence:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none (special administrative region of China)
National holiday:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Constitution:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
The Basic Law, approved 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's charter
Legal system:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
civil law system based on the Portuguese model
Suffrage:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age in direct elections for some legislative positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; note - indirect elections are limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (973 were registered in the 2009 legislative elections) and a 300-member Election Committee for the Chief Executive (CE) drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, central government bodies, and elected Macau officials
Executive branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)
head of government: Chief Executive Fernando CHUI Sai-on (since 20 December 2009)
cabinet: Executive Council consists of 1 government secretary, 3 legislators, 4 businessmen, 1 pro-Beijing unionist, and 1 pro-Beijing educator
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (current chief executive is eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 July 2009 (next to be held in July 2014)
note: the Legislative Assembly voted in August 2012 to expand the electoral committee to 400 seats for the 2014 election.
election results: Fernando CHUI Sai-on elected in 2009 with 282 votes, took office on 20 December 2009
Legislative branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 20 September 2009 (next to be held in September 2013)
election results: percent of vote - UPD 14.9%, ACUM 12%, APMD 11.6%, NUDM 9.9%, UPP 9.9%, ANMD 7.8%, UMG 7.3%, MUDAR 5.5%, others 21.1%; seats by political group - UPD 2, ACUM 2, APMD 2, NUMD 1, UPP 1, ANMD 1, UMG 1, MUDAR 1; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; 7 members appointed by the chief executive
Judicial branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Political parties and leaders:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Alliance for Change or MUDAR; Macau Development Alliance or NUDM [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau-Guangdong Union or UNG; Macau United Citizens' Association or ACUM [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Macau Association or NMA [Jason CHAO]; New Hope or NE [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Union for Promoting Progress or UPP [LEONG Heng-teng]
note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Civic Power [Agnes LAM lok-fong]; Democratic Action [LEE Kin-yun]; Bar-Bending Workers' Association {WONG Wai-Man]; Macau New Chinese Youth Association [LEONG Sin-man]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO]; Macau Worker's Union [HO Heng-kuok]; New Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]
International organization participation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none (special administrative region of China)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
the US has no offices in Macau; US Consulate General in Hong Kong is accredited to Macau
Flag description:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in the center of the arc and two smaller on either side; the lotus is the floral emblem of Macau, the three petals represent the peninsula and two islands that make up Macau; the five stars echo those on the flag of China
National symbol(s):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lotus blossom
National anthem:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
note: as a Special Administrative Region of China, "Yiyonggjun Jinxingqu" is the official anthem (see China)
Back to Top
Economy ::Macau
Economy - overview:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, Macau has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming the territory into one of the world's largest gaming centers. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. By 2006, Macau's gaming revenue surpassed that of the Las Vegas strip, and gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 70% of total government revenue. Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in 2010-11, largely on the back of tourism from mainland China and the gaming sectors. In 2012, this city of 582,000 hosted nearly 28 million visitors. Almost 60% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has slowed greatly since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. China is Macau's second largest goods export market, behind Hong Kong, and followed by the United States. In 2012, exports were less than US$1 billion, while gaming receipts were US$38 billion, a 13.5% increase over 2011. Macau's economy expanded by 10% in 2012; although impressive, it was a slower growth rate than in previous years. Macau continues to face the challenges of managing its growing casino industry, money-laundering, and the need to diversify the economy away from heavy dependence on gaming revenues. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$47.19 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
$42.9 billion (2011 est.)
$39 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$44.3 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
10% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
20.7% (2011 est.)
27% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$82,400 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
$75,500 (2010 est.)
$69,700 (2009 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 0%
industry: 6.4%
services: 93.6% (2011 est.)
Labor force:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
356,700 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Labor force - by occupation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
manufacturing: 3%
construction: 6.6%
transport and communications: 4.3%
wholesale and retail trade: 12.7%
restaurants and hotels: 15.5%
gambling: 15.1%
public sector: 7.1%
financial services: 2.2%
other services: 33.5% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
2.6% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Budget:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $16.95 billion
expenditures: $6.934 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
76.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
45.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
5.8% (2011 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.25% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$5.94 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
$5.41 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of broad money:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$46.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
$46.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$5.723 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
$8.612 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$85.5 billion (2 March 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
$46.1 billion (31 February 2011)
$2.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong
Industries:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Industrial production growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-7.8% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 166
Current account balance:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$17.01 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$12.06 billion (2010 est.)
Exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.02 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
$871 million (2011 est.)
note: includes reexports
Exports - commodities:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Hong Kong 50.2%, China 16.8%, US 6.2% (2012 est.)
Imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$8.866 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
$7.786 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
China 32.7%, Hong Kong 11.6%, France 8.7%, Japan 6%, US 5.2% (2012 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$16.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$34.03 billion (2011 est.)
note: the Fiscal Reserves Act that came into force on January 1, 2012 requires the fiscal reserve to be separated from the foreign exchange reserves and to be managed separately; the transfer of assets took place in February 2012
Debt - external:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$0 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 203
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$14.9 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
$13.6 billion (2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$672.1 million (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
$550.6 million (2010)
Exchange rates:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
patacas (MOP) per US dollar -
7.99 (2012 est.)
8.0182 (2011 est.)
8.0022 (2010 est.)
7.983 (2008)
8.011 (2007)
Fiscal year:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
calendar year
Back to Top
Energy ::Macau
Electricity - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
561 million kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Electricity - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.214 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
Electricity - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
Electricity - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.86 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
472,000 kW (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
Crude oil - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Crude oil - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
Crude oil - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7,522 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5,948 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
Natural gas - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
Natural gas - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2012)
country comparison to the world: 167
Natural gas - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Natural gas - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.537 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
Back to Top
Communications ::Macau
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
165,500 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 131
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.353 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 148
Telephone system:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity exceeding 200 per 100 persons; fixed-line subscribership appears to have peaked and is now in decline
international: country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
Broadcast media:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; 1 cable TV and 4 satellite TV services available; 3 radio stations broadcasting, of which 2 are government-operated (2012)
Internet country code:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.mo
Internet hosts:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
327 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 190
Internet users:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
270,200 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 134
Back to Top
Transportation ::Macau
Airports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 224
Airports - with paved runways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2012)
Heliports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2 (2012)
Roadways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 413 km
country comparison to the world: 199
paved: 413 km (2009)
Ports and terminals:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Macau
Back to Top
Military ::Macau
Military branches:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
no regular military forces
Manpower available for military service:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 150,780 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 124,189
females age 16-49: 149,514 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 4,274
female: 3,674 (2010 est.)
Military - note:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
defense is the responsibility of China
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Macau
Disputes - international:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none
Illicit drugs:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines
Back to Top