>> >> Venezuela

City List

Search for your next freelancer or independent contractor by city from Venezuela country. Upfreelance.com searches the Internet for software developers, Internet developers, website designers, marketing consultants and sales and marketing that are available to work on your project.
Venezuela
(CONTAIN DESCRIPTION)
CLICK MAP TO ENLARGE
Introduction ::Venezuela
Background:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, sought to implement his "21st Century Socialism," which purported to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking capitalist globalization and existing democratic institutions. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, rampant violent crime, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.
Back to Top
Geography ::Venezuela
Location:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
Geographic coordinates:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8 00 N, 66 00 W
Map references:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
South America
Area:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 912,050 sq km
country comparison to the world: 33
land: 882,050 sq km
water: 30,000 sq km
Area - comparative:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
slightly more than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 4,993 km
border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km
Coastline:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2,800 km
Maritime claims:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 15 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
Elevation extremes:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Pico Bolivar 5,007 m
Natural resources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds
Land use:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 2.85%
permanent crops: 0.71%
other: 96.44% (2011)
Irrigated land:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
10,550 sq km (2008)
Total renewable water resources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,233 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 9.064 cu km/yr (23%/4%/74%)
per capita: 358.6 cu m/yr (2008)
Natural hazards:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts
Environment - current issues:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations
Environment - international agreements:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall
Back to Top
People and Society ::Venezuela
Nationality:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Venezuelan(s)
adjective: Venezuelan
Ethnic groups:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
Languages:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Religions:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%
Demographic profile:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Although poverty in Venezuela has declined during the CHAVEZ administration, dropping from nearly 50% in 1999 to about 27% in 2011, it remains high and some experts question how much of a role social expenditures have played in this poverty reduction. Progress in lowering poverty, income inequality, and unemployment may in fact be more closely linked to the rise and fall of prices for oil, Venezuela's dominant export. In the long-run, education and healthcare spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new healthcare jobs with foreigners are slowing development. In the meantime, social investment has led to better living standards, including increased school enrollment, a substantial reduction in infant and child mortality, and greater access to potable water and sanitation.
Since CHAVEZ came to power in 1999, more than a million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following CHAVEZ's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-2003 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela continues to attract immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and healthcare. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees.
Population:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
28,459,085 (July 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Age structure:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 28.6% (male 4,144,958/female 3,989,521)
15-24 years: 18.8% (male 2,686,366/female 2,664,062)
25-54 years: 39.5% (male 5,520,689/female 5,727,432)
55-64 years: 7.3% (male 993,176/female 1,094,586)
65 years and over: 5.8% (male 722,234/female 916,061) (2013 est.)
population pyramid:
Median age:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 26.3 years
male: 25.6 years
female: 27.1 years (2012 est.)
Population growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.468% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
Birth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
19.88 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
Death rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.2 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
Net migration rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
Urbanization:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 93% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major cities - population:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
CARACAS (capital) 3.051 million; Maracaibo 2.153 million; Valencia 1.738 million; Barquisimeto 1.159 million; Maracay 1.04 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 78
Infant mortality rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 20.18 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 95
male: 23.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 74.08 years
country comparison to the world: 111
male: 70.98 years
female: 77.34 years (2012 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
Health expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.9% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 144
Physicians density:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.94 physicians/1,000 population (2001)
Hospital bed density:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)
Drinking water source:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 94% of population
rural: 74% of population
total: 92% of population
unimproved:
urban: 6% of population
rural: 26% of population
total: 8% of population (2000 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 93% of population
rural: 54% of population
total: 89% of population
unimproved:
urban: 7% of population
rural: 46% of population
total: 11% of population (2000 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA; note - no country specific models provided
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA
Major infectious diseases:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.7% (2007)
country comparison to the world: 98
Education expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.6% of GDP (2007)
country comparison to the world: 124
Literacy:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93%
male: 93.3%
female: 92.7% (2001 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 15 years (2008)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 13.6%
country comparison to the world: 88
male: 12.3%
female: 15.9% (2008)
Back to Top
Government ::Venezuela
Country name:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
conventional short form: Venezuela
local long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela
local short form: Venezuela
Government type:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
federal republic
Capital:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: Caracas
geographic coordinates: 10 29 N, 66 52 W
time difference: UTC-4.5 (half an hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia
note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands
Independence:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5 July 1811 (from Spain)
National holiday:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Independence Day, 5 July (1811)
Constitution:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
30 December 1999; amended 15 February 2009
Legal system:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
civil law system based on the Spanish civil code
International law organization participation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; state party to the ICCT
Suffrage:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President (Acting) Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 8 March 2013); Executive Vice President (Acting) Jorge ARREAZA (since 8 March 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; former Executive Vice President Nicolas MADURO Moros assumed presidential responsibilites after the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013, and was officially sworn in on 8 March 2013
head of government: President (Acting) Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 8 March 2013); Executive Vice President (Acting) Jorge ARREAZA (since 8 March 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for unlimited reelection); election last held on 7 October 2012 (next election will be a special election held on 14 April 2013 following the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013; the next scheduled election after this is expected to be held in October 2018 pending official convocation by the country's electoral body)
note: in 1999, a National Constituent Assembly drafted a new constitution that increased the presidential term to six years; an election was subsequently held on 30 July 2000 under the terms of this constitution; in 2009, a national referendum approved the elimination of term limits on all elected officials, including the presidency
election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias reelected president; percent of vote - Hugo CHAVEZ Frias 55.07%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski 44.31%, other 0.62%
Legislative branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (165 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela)
elections: last held on 26 September 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - pro-government 48.9%, opposition coalition 47.9%, other 3.2%; seats by party - pro-government 98, opposition 65, other 2
Judicial branch:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (32 magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)
Political parties and leaders:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
A New Time or UNT [Omar BARBOZA]; Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Antonio LEDEZMA]; Christian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ]; Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]; Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS ALLUP]; Fatherland for All or PPT [Rafael UZCATEGUI]; For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Nicolas SOSA]; Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]; Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]; The Democratic Unity Table or MUD [Ramon Guillermo AVELEDO]; The Radical Cause [Daniel SANTOLO]; United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS ROMER]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Bolivarian and Socialist Workers' Union (a ruling party labor union); Confederacion Venezolana de Industriales or Coindustria (a conservative business group); Consejos Comunales (pro-Chavez local cooperatives); FEDECAMARAS (a conservative business group); Union of Oil Workers of Venezuela or FUTPV; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (opposition-oriented labor organization); various civil society groups and human rights organizations
International organization participation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Angelo Agustin RIVERO Santos
chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214
FAX: [1] (202) 342-6820
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James M. DERHAM
embassy: Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080
mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037
telephone: [58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)
FAX: [58] (212) 907-8199
Flag description:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band; the flag retains the three equal horizontal bands and three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches of the land, blue for the courage of its people, and red for the blood shed in attaining independence; the seven stars on the original flag represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence; in 2006, President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star added to the star arc - a decision that sparked much controversy - to conform with the flag proclaimed by Simon Bolivar in 1827 and to represent the province of Guayana
National symbol(s):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
troupial (bird)
National anthem:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: "Gloria al bravo pueblo" (Glory to the Brave People)
lyrics/music: Vicente SALIAS/Juan Jose LANDAETA
note: adopted 1881; the lyrics were written in 1810, the music some years later; both SALIAS and LANDAETA were executed in 1814 during Venezuela's struggle for independence
Back to Top
Economy ::Venezuela
Economy - overview:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for roughly 95% of export earnings, about 45% of federal budget revenues, and around 12% of GDP. Fueled by high oil prices, record government spending helped to boost GDP growth by 4.2% in 2011, after a sharp drop in oil prices caused an economic contraction in 2009-10. Government spending, minimum wage hikes, and improved access to domestic credit created an increase in consumption which combined with supply problems to cause higher inflation - roughly 26% in 2011 and 21% in 2012. President Hugo CHAVEZ's efforts to increase the government's control of the economy by nationalizing firms in the agribusiness, financial, construction, oil, and steel sectors have hurt the private investment environment, reduced productive capacity, and slowed non-petroleum exports. In the first half of 2010 Venezuela faced the prospect of lengthy nationwide blackouts when its main hydroelectric power plant - which provides more than 35% of the country's electricity - nearly shut down. In May 2010, CHAVEZ closed the unofficial foreign exchange market - the "parallel market" - in an effort to stem inflation and slow the currency's depreciation. In June 2010, the government created the "Transaction System for Foreign Currency Denominated Securities" to replace the "parallel" market. In December 2010, CHAVEZ eliminated the dual exchange rate system and unified the exchange rate at 4.3 bolivars per dollar. In January 2011, CHAVEZ announced the second devaluation of the bolivar within twelve months. In December 2010, the National Assembly passed a package of five organic laws designed to complete the transformation of the Venezuelan economy in line with CHAVEZ's vision of 21st century socialism. In 2012, Venezuela continued to wrestle with a housing crisis, high inflation, an electricity crisis, and rolling food and goods shortages - all of which were fallout from the government's unorthodox economic policies. The budget deficit for the entire government reached 17% of GDP in 2012, and public debt as a percent of GDP climbed steeply to 49%, despite record oil prices.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$402.1 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
$380.2 billion (2011 est.)
$364.9 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$338 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
4.2% (2011 est.)
-1.5% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$13,200 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
$12,800 (2011 est.)
$12,500 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 3.7%
industry: 35.3%
services: 61.1% (2012 est.)
Labor force:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
13.7 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Labor force - by occupation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 7.3%
industry: 21.8%
services: 70.9% (4th quarter, 2011)
Unemployment rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
8.2% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
31.6% (2011 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: 1.7%
highest 10%: 32.7% (2006)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
39 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 69
49.5 (1998)
Investment (gross fixed):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
19.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Budget:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $116.3 billion
expenditures: $175.3 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
34.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-17.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 214
Public debt:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
49% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
29% of GDP (2011 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 217
26.1% (2011 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
29.5% (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 3
29.5% (31 December 2009)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
17.15% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$175.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$110.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of broad money:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$188.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
$115.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$176.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
$92.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$5.143 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 89
$3.991 billion (31 December 2010)
$8.86 billion (31 December 2010)
Agriculture - products:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish
Industries:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly, chemical products, paper products
Industrial production growth rate:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.4% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
Current account balance:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$20.6 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
$27.21 billion (2011 est.)
Exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$96.9 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
$92.6 billion (2011 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures
Exports - partners:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
US 40.2%, China 10.5%, India 5.5%, Cuba 4% (2011)
Imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$56.69 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$46.44 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products
Imports - partners:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
US 28.6%, China 15.1%, Brazil 10.6% (2011)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$25.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$29.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Debt - external:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$63.74 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
$89.6 billion (30 September 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$49.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
$45.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$21.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
$19.81 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Exchange rates:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
bolivars (VEB) per US dollar -
4.289 (2012 est.)
4.289 (2011 est.)
2.5821 (2010 est.)
2.147 (2009)
2.147 (2008)
Fiscal year:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
calendar year
Back to Top
Energy ::Venezuela
Electricity - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
127.6 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Electricity - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
85.05 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Electricity - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
633 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
Electricity - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
260 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
27.5 million kW (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
35.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
64.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
Crude oil - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.47 million bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
Crude oil - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.645 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Crude oil - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
209.4 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
Refined petroleum products - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.176 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
571,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
638,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16,660 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
Natural gas - production:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
31.2 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
Natural gas - consumption:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
33.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Natural gas - exports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201
Natural gas - imports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.446 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.524 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
158.4 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
Back to Top
Communications ::Venezuela
Telephones - main lines in use:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7.332 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 24
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
28.782 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 35
Telephone system:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: modern and expanding
domestic: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; combined fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 130 per 100 persons
international: country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network; constructing submarine cable to provide connectivity to Cuba with an estimated date of completion in late 2011 (2010)
Broadcast media:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 1 state-run TV network, 4 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed pan-American channel; state-run radio network includes 65 news stations and roughly another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; state-sponsored community broadcasters include 244 radio stations and 36 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2010)
Internet country code:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.ve
Internet hosts:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.016 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 46
Internet users:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8.918 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 32
Back to Top
Transportation ::Venezuela
Airports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
492 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 15
Airports - with paved runways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 128
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 35
914 to 1,523 m: 61
under 914 m: 17 (2012)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 364
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 55
914 to 1,523 m: 113
under 914 m: 193 (2012)
Heliports:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3 (2012)
Pipelines:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
extra heavy crude 980 km; gas 5,347 km; oil 6,694 km; refined products 1,620 km (2010)
Railways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 806 km
country comparison to the world: 98
standard gauge: 806 km 1.435-m gauge (41 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 96,155 km
country comparison to the world: 44
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (2002)
Waterways:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7,100 km (the Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo are navigable by oceangoing vessels) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 21
Merchant marine:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 53
country comparison to the world: 69
by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 12, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 5, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 16
foreign-owned: 9 (Denmark 1, Estonia 1, Germany 1, Greece 4, Mexico 1, Spain 1)
registered in other countries: 14 (Panama 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon
oil terminals: Jose terminal
Transportation - note:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as a significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen
Back to Top
Military ::Venezuela
Military branches:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB): Bolivarian Army (Ejercito Bolivariano, EB), Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana, AB; includes Naval Infantry, Coast Guard, Naval Aviation), Bolivarian Military Aviation (Aviacion Militar Bolivariana, AMB; includes Air National Guard), Bolivarian National Guard (Guardia Nacional Bolivaria, GNB) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 30-month conscript service obligation; Navy requires 6th-grade education for enlisted personnel; all citizens of military service age (18-60 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2011)
Manpower available for military service:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 7,013,854
females age 16-49: 7,165,661 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 5,614,743
females age 16-49: 6,074,834 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 277,210
female: 273,353 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.7% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 153
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Venezuela
Disputes - international:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; in 2006, an estimated 139,000 Colombians sought protection in 150 communities along the border in Venezuela; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
refugees (country of origin): 201,941 (Colombia) (2011)
Trafficking in persons:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas; to a lesser extent, Brazilian women and Colombian women are subjected to forced prostitution; some Venezuelan women are transported to Caribbean islands, particularly Aruba, Curacao, and Trinidad & Tobago, where they are subjected to forced prostitution
tier rating: Tier 3 - the government investigated potential cases of suspected human trafficking and arrested at least 12 people for trafficking crimes during the reporting period; however, there was no further publicly available information regarding those cases; Venezuela is not making significant efforts to comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking (2008)
Illicit drugs:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border
Back to Top